Spain’s autonomous vehicles: a regulatory framework in motion

On 4 September 2026, Spain’s Directorate-General for Traffic (DGT) cleared Uber, WeRide and AVOMO to circulate Level 4 autonomous vehicles under its ES-AV testing framework,1 the first authorisation for autonomous passenger cars in Spain.2 Although this is a relevant milestone, two further matters remain open in this area and are worth bringing to the attention of operators in the sector: (i) two regulatory reforms stalled by a snap general election; and (ii) an underlying liability regime that remains unresolved regardless of the election outcome.

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